Ka keketseho e tsoelang pele ea palo ea lisebelisoa tsa IoT, puisano kapa khokahanyo pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsena e fetohile taba ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho nahanoa.Puisano e tloaelehile haholo ebile e bohlokoa bakeng sa Marang-rang a Lintho.Hore na ke theknoloji ea nako e khuts'oane ea phetisetso ea waelese kapa theknoloji ea puisano ea mehala, e ama nts'etsopele ea Marang-rang a Lintho.Puisanong, mokhoa oa puisano o bohlokoa haholo, 'me ke melao le litumellano tseo mekhatlo e' meli e lokelang ho e latela ho phethela puisano kapa ts'ebeletso.Sengoliloeng sena se hlahisa mekhoa e mengata ea puisano ea IoT e fumanehang, e nang le ts'ebetso e fapaneng, sekhahla sa data, tšireletso, matla le mohopolo, 'me protocol e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le melemo ea eona le mefokolo e mengata kapa e nyane.Tse ling tsa liprothokholo tsena tsa puisano li loketse lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa ka tlung, ha tse ling li ka sebelisoa mererong e meholo ea litoropo e bohlale.Litsamaiso tsa puisano tsa Marang-rang a Lintho li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli, e' ngoe ke protocol ea phihlello, e 'ngoe ke protocol ea puisano.Protocol ea phihlello hangata e ikarabella bakeng sa marang-rang le puisano lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse subnet;protocol ea puisano ke haholo-holo mokhoa oa puisano oa sesebelisoa o sebetsang ho protocol ea setso ea Internet TCP/IP, e ikarabellang bakeng sa phapanyetsano ea data le puisano ea lisebelisoa ka Marang-rang.
1. Puisano e telele ea cellular
(1) Li-protocol tsa puisano tsa 2G/3G/4G li bua ka liprothokholo tsa tsamaiso ea mehala ea puisano ea mohala oa bobeli, oa boraro le oa bone ka ho latellana.
(2)NB-IoT
The Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-iot) e fetohile lekala la bohlokoa la Inthanete ea Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe.
E hahiloe holim'a marang-rang a cellular, nb-iot e ja feela hoo e ka bang 180kHz ea bandwidth 'me e ka sebelisoa ka ho toba ho marang-rang a GSM, UMTS kapa LTE ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho tsamaisa le ho ntlafatsa habonolo.
Nb-iot e tsepamisitse maikutlo 'marakeng oa low power wide coverage (LPWA) Internet of Things (IoT) mme ke theknoloji e hlahang e ka sebelisoang lefatšeng ka bophara.
E na le litšobotsi tsa tšireletso e pharaletseng, likhokahano tse ngata, lebelo le potlakileng, theko e tlase, tšebeliso e tlase ea matla le meaho e metle.
Maemo a kopo: Marang-rang a nB-iot a tlisa maemo a kenyelletsang ho paka makoloi ka bohlale, ho loantša mollo, metsi a bohlale, mabone a seterata a bohlale, libaesekele tse arolelanoang le lisebelisoa tse bohlale tsa lapeng, jj.
(3)5G
Theknoloji ea moloko oa bohlano ea puisano ea mehala ke moloko oa morao-rao oa thekenoloji ea puisano ea mehala ea cellular.
Lipakane tsa ts'ebetso ea 5G ke litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa data, latency e fokotsehileng, ho boloka matla, litšenyehelo tse tlaase, ho eketseha ha matla a tsamaiso le khokahanyo ea lisebelisoa tse kholo.
Maemo a kopo: AR / VR, Marang-rang a likoloi, tlhahiso e bohlale, matla a bohlale, bongaka bo se nang mohala, boithabiso ba lehae bo se nang mohala, UAV e hokahaneng, ULTRA HIGH definition / panoramic live broadcast, thuso ea botho ea AI, motse o bohlale.
2. Puisano e telele e seng ea cellular
(1) WiFi
Ka lebaka la botumo bo potlakileng ba li-routers tsa lehae tsa WiFi le lifono tse bohlale lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, protocol ea WiFi e boetse e sebelisoa haholo tšimong ea smart home.Molemo o moholo oa protocol ea WiFi ke phihlello e tobileng Marang-rang.
Ha ho bapisoa le ZigBee, leano le bohlale la lapeng le sebelisang Wifi protocol le felisa tlhoko ea liheke tse ling.Ha e bapisoa le Bluetooth protocol, e felisa ho itšetleha ka li-terminals tse kang mehala ea cellular.
Kakaretso ea WiFi ea khoebo lipalangoang tsa sechaba tsa litoropong, mabenkeleng a mabenkele le libaka tse ling tsa sechaba ntle le pelaelo e tla senola bokhoni ba ts'ebeliso ea maemo a khoebo a WiFi.
(2) ZigBee
ZigBee ke protocol ea puisano e se nang mohala e tsamaeang ka lebelo le tlase le e khuts'oane, ke marang-rang a ka tšeptjoang ka ho fetesisa a se nang mohala, litšobotsi tse kholo ke lebelo le tlase, tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, theko e tlase, e ts'ehetsa palo e kholo ea li-node tsa marang-rang, e tšehetsa mefuta e fapaneng ea topology ea marang-rang. , ho rarahana ho tlase, ho potlakile, ho ka tšeptjoa ebile ho bolokehile.
Theknoloji ea ZigBee ke mofuta o mocha oa theknoloji, o hlahileng morao tjena.Haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka marang-rang a se nang mohala bakeng sa phetiso.E ka tsamaisa khokahano ea waelese e le haufi mme ke ea theknoloji ea puisano ea marang-rang ea waelese.
Melemo ea tlhaho ea thekenoloji ea ZigBee e etsa hore butle-butle e fetohe thekenoloji e tloaelehileng indastering ea Inthanete ea Lintho le ho fumana lits'ebetso tse kholo indastering, temo, lehae le bohlale le masimo a mang.
(3)LoRa
LoRa(LongRange, LongRange) ke thekenoloji ea modulation e fanang ka libaka tse telele tsa puisano ho feta mekhoa ea theknoloji e tšoanang.LoRa gateway, smoke sensor, water monitoring, infrared discovering, positioning, installing le tse ling tse sebelisoang haholo lihlahisoa tsa Iot.Joaloka thekenoloji e fokolang ea mohala, LoRa e sebelisa phapang ea nako ea ho fihla bakeng sa geolocation.Maemo a kopo ea boemo ba LoRa: leihlo le bohlale la toropo le sephethephethe, metering le logistics, temoho ea boemo ba temo.
3. NFC(haufi le sebaka sa puisano)
(1)RFID
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) e khutsufetse bakeng sa Radio Frequency Identification.Molao-motheo oa eona ke puisano ea data eo e seng ea khokahanyo lipakeng tsa 'mali le tag ho fihlela sepheo sa ho tseba sepheo.Tšebeliso ea RFID e pharaletseng haholo, lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng ke chip ea liphoofolo, sesebelisoa sa alamo ea chip ea koloi, taolo ea phihlello, taolo ea ho paka, mochini oa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa, taolo ea thepa.Sistimi e felletseng ea RFID e na le Reader, Tag ea elektroniki le sistimi ea taolo ea data.
(2) NFC
Lebitso le felletseng la Sechaena la NFC ke Near Field Communication Technology.NFC e ntshetswa pele motheong wa thekenoloji ya non-contact radio frequency identification (RFID) mme e kopantswe le thekenoloji ya kgokelo ya waelese.E fana ka mokhoa o bolokehileng haholo le o potlakileng oa puisano bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki tse ntseng li tsebahala haholoanyane bophelong ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi."Lebala le haufi" ka lebitso la Sechaena la NFC le bolela maqhubu a seea-le-moea haufi le sebaka sa motlakase.
Maemo a kopo: E sebelisoa taolong ea phihlello, ho ba teng, baeti, ho kena likopanong, paterole le likarolo tse ling.NFC e na le mesebetsi e kang tšebelisano ea khomphutha ea motho le tšebelisano ea mochini le mochini.
(3)Bluetooth
Theknoloji ea Bluetooth ke khetho e bulehileng ea lefats'e bakeng sa data e se nang mohala le puisano ea lentsoe.Ke khokahanyo e khethehileng ea nako e khuts'oane ea thekenoloji ea waelese e thehiloeng holim'a khokahanyo ea mohala e theko e tlase ea nako e khuts'oane ho theha tikoloho ea puisano bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tsitsitseng le tsa mehala.
Bluetooth e ka fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseling ntle le waelese har'a lisebelisoa tse ngata tse kenyelletsang mehala ea cellular, li-PDA, li-headsets tse se nang mohala, likhomphutha tsa libuka, le lisebelisoa tse amanang le tsona.Tšebeliso ea thekenoloji ea "Bluetooth" e ka nolofatsa puisano pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa mohala oa thekeng, hape e atleha ho nolofatsa puisano pakeng tsa sesebelisoa le Inthanete, e le hore phetisetso ea data e be e potlakileng le e sebetsang haholoanyane, 'me e atolose tsela ea puisano e se nang mohala.
4. Puisano ea mohala
(1) USB
USB, khutsufatso ea Senyesemane Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus), ke maemo a kantle a libese a sebelisoang ho laola khokahano le puisano lipakeng tsa likhomphutha le lisebelisoa tsa kantle.Ke theknoloji ea interface e sebelisoang tšimong ea PC.
(2)Serial communication protocol
Protocol ea serial ea puisano e bua ka lintlha tse nepahetseng tse hlalosang litaba tsa pakete ea data, e kenyelletsang karolo ea ho qala, data ea 'mele, ho hlahloba le ho emisa hanyane.Mahlakore ka bobeli a hloka ho lumellana ka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa pakete ea data ho romella le ho amohela data.Puisanong ea serial, liprothokholo tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa RS-232, RS-422 le RS-485.
Puisano ea serial e bolela mokhoa oa puisano oo data e fetisoang hanyane ka hanyane lipakeng tsa peripherals le likhomphutha.Mokhoa ona oa puisano o sebelisa melaetsa e fokolang ea data, e ka bolokang litšenyehelo tsa puisano ka puisano e hōle, empa lebelo la eona la phetisetso le tlaase ho feta phetisetso e tšoanang.Lik'homphieutha tse ngata (ho sa kenyelelitsoe libuka) li na le likou tse peli tsa serial tsa RS-232.Puisano ea serial e boetse ke mokhoa o sebelisoang hangata oa puisano bakeng sa lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa.
(3) Ethernet
Ethernet ke thekenoloji ea LAN ea k'homphieutha. Tekanyetso ea IEEE 802.3 ke tekanyetso ea tekheniki bakeng sa Ethernet, e kenyeletsang litaba tsa khokahano ea lesela la 'mele, lets'oao la elektroniki le protocol ea media media ??
(4) MBus
Sistimi ea ho bala ea mitha e hole ea MBus (symphonic mbus) ke bese e tloaelehileng ea Europe ea terata e 2, e sebelisoang haholo lisebelisoa tse lekanyang ts'ebeliso joalo ka mitha ea mocheso le letoto la limithara tsa metsi.
Nako ea poso: Sep-07-2021
